Methodology
How the Humanoid Ledger is built, what each number measures, and what it cannot tell you. Last updated 2026-11-08.
1. 이 사이트란
휴머노이드 로봇의 공개 데이터 장부입니다. 검증된 사양, 발표 연표, 공식 영상, 그리고 웹 전체에서 수집한 분석된 보도 — 거기에 이 보도들에서 만든 세 가지 장부(주장 vs 실측, 점수, 문제)가 들어 있습니다. 장부는 독립적이며, 나열된 어떤 제조사와도 관계가 없습니다. 기장의 규칙은 단순합니다. 출처가 있는 것만 적고, 검증되지 않은 것은 숫자를 짐작하지 않고 "미발표"라고 적습니다.
2. Seed data — verified before entry
The 12 models, 31 release events and 8 official videos were each checked against a vendor page or a trade-press report before entry (seeded 2026-11-06). Every row carries its source link. Prices are vendor-published only: target prices, estimates and unconfirmed reports live in the notes field, never in the price column. Where a figure is unpublished or unverified, the cell says Not stated rather than a guess.
3. Live coverage — sources and the relevance gate
Hacker News (Algolia API), Google News RSS (with Bing News RSS as fallback when Google rate-limits the Worker egress), tech-blog RSS (The Verge, Engadget, Wired, TechCrunch, IEEE Spectrum, The Robot Report, PCMag, Tom’s Guide, 9to5Google, Road to VR, UploadVR), YouTube search pages, and Reddit via Google News. Ingest runs hourly. An item counts for a model only when its headline names the product — vendor + model where the name alone is ambiguous (e.g. “Apollo” only counts with “Apptronik”, “Digit” only with “Agility”, “Atlas” only with “Boston Dynamics”). Items that fail the gate are counted as skipped, not silently dropped.
4. Per-article analysis
Each article is analyzed once by Workers AI (Llama 3.1 8B, max 2048 tokens, JSON only): a 1–3 paragraph summary plus structured extraction — sentiment index, comparison, usage time, recommendation index, per-aspect scores, verifiable claims, issues, and the author’s verdict. The model is instructed never to invent numbers, quotes, durations or facts not present in the evidence; undeterminable fields are null, never invented.
5. Evidence checking (what survives, what is dropped)
Two hard guards run on every analysis before it is stored. First, a compared product is kept only if its name appears in the evidence text (title + snippet + body excerpt); anything else is dropped as model invention, and the compares-with flag is recomputed from the surviving list. Second, a verdict quote is kept only if the exact quote appears in the evidence text; otherwise it is stored as null. Aspect scores are restricted to eight aspects — locomotion, dexterity, battery, payload, autonomy, safety, software, price — each scored −100 to +100 only when the article actually discusses that aspect.
6. The scoring decision — what the three retained fields are, and are not
Decision (2026-11-07): the sentiment index (0–100), the recommendation index (0–100) and the author verdict (buy / wait / skip / mixed, with the author’s own words) are retained in full, in the article cards, in the metrics pages and in the three ledgers. They are kept because they measure the source content and its author — the stance of an article, and the conclusion its author reached — not this site’s judgement of any product. This site issues no rating, no ranking, no recommendation and no prediction of its own: there is no site score anywhere on the ledger, no “best model” list, and no verdict written by us. That is the whole of the exception, and it is the only exception: the general rule for this ledger is the same as the no-scores rule — record what happened, cite the source, add no judgement of our own. The three retained fields are presented with their provenance (which article, analyzed from snippet or full text, with what confidence), with nulls counted and never filled in, so a reader can always see how thin the underlying signal is — for example, the recommendation index is not determined in 308 of 329 analyzed articles, because most coverage is news, not a buying recommendation.
7. 세 가지 장부
주장 vs 실측은 각 분석의 key_claims를 가져옵니다. 주장은 모델이 실측값을 실제로 밝혔을 때만 실측값과 함께 나열됩니다(2026-11-08 기준 289건의 주장 중 55건). 나머지는 제조사나 출처의 주장으로 그대로 기록됩니다 — 나열만 할 뿐 검증하지 않습니다. 점수는 sentiment_index와 recommendation_index를 집계합니다(분포, 건수, 평균은 null이 아닌 값만) 그리고 저자 결론 건수. 문제는 issues[]를 동일한 문구로 묶어 모델별로 나눕니다. 장부에 해당 모델의 행이 없으면 "기록 없음"이라고 표시하고, 절대 0이라고 쓰지 않습니다. 라이브 엔드포인트: /api/ledger/claims-vs-measured, /api/ledger/scores, /api/ledger/issues(모두 ?model=<key>를 받습니다).
8. Limitations — read before quoting a number
- Most analysis is snippet-based. As of 2026-11-08, 307 of 329 analyzed articles were analyzed from the title + snippet only (22 from full text). A snippet-based analysis can miss context the full article contains; analyzed_from is shown on every card.
- Hacker News is one narrow audience. HN mentions represent the English-speaking technical community only; they are not a proxy for the public, for buyers, or for non-English discussion.
- Coverage is a starting set, not the universe. The ledger tracks 12 models; our November 2026 audit identified roughly 135–145 distinct current humanoid models across trackers. Models outside the 12 are absent, not rated zero.
- News sources are rate-limited. Google News repeatedly rate-limits the Worker egress; the ingest falls back to Bing News RSS. Gaps in a day’s intake usually mean a source failed, not that nothing happened.
- Document archiving. Added 7 Nov 2026 — see §11. Vendor pages are now archived with SHA-256 dual fingerprints, a seal and a SimHash; changes are recorded from the baseline. One gap remains: the Tesla Optimus official page returns 403 to this fetcher, so it has no baseline yet.
- Price history, deployment data, safety/failure registry. Price history was added 7 Nov 2026 — see /history/ and §13 (8 dated, sourced price points; the G1 is the only model with a documented price change). Deployment counts and operating hours still appear only as notes; there is no structured recall or accident table.
- AI extraction is fallible. Claims, issues and aspect scores are model extractions from the evidence, guarded as described in §5 — but a guard can only check what is in the evidence text. Treat every extracted row as a pointer back to its source article, not as a verified fact.
9. Corrections
Errors are corrected in the open and logged here, not silently fixed.
- 2026-11-07 — Sanctuary AI Phoenix: status corrected from “research/pilot” to “legacy — pivoted to software-only (June 2026)”. The company stopped positioning the whole humanoid as its product in June 2026; the model page now says so and the June 2026 pivot is in the release timeline.
10. 아카이브 — 2026년 11월 7일에 추가
Five vendor documents are archived as a baseline (Figure 03 announcement, Unitree G1 product page, Boston Dynamics Atlas product page, Agility Digit solutions page, 1X NEO order page), each with a SHA-256 fingerprint of the raw fetch and of the cleaned text, a 6-character seal and a 64-bit SimHash. The baseline is the first archived version; every later check compares the live document against it and records any change in doc_changes (currently 0 rows — 0 changes means nothing has changed since the baseline, not that nothing is watched). Live endpoint: /api/archive; page: /archive/. The Tesla Optimus official page could not be baselined: tesla.com returns 403 to this fetcher. It will be retried with a rendered fetch; until then it is listed on /archive/ as not baselined, not silently omitted.
11. 오픈 데이터 — 2026년 11월 7일에 추가
Every dataset behind this site is open JSON with no key. /data/ lists the catalogue with denominators and coverage; /api/open-data returns the same catalogue live, including a row count for every D1 table. Live endpoint: /api/open-data.
12. 2단계 표 — 영구 표, 2026년 11월 7일에 채움
Four persistent tables were backfilled from the 330 analyzed articles (snapshot 7 Nov 2026, 20:10 EST) and are served live with a ?model= filter. experience_records (55 rows): every key_claim that carries a measured value, classified by metric (locomotion, dexterity, battery, payload, autonomy, safety, software, price, other) — the value is the number as stated in the article, not an independent lab measurement. review_scores (224 rows): one row per analyzed article that carries a sentiment index, a recommendation index or a verdict — metadata only (reviewer = article source, score / 100, date, URL, aspects tested), no quoted opinion text. failure_modes (93 rows): issues clustered per model by identical wording, with mention counts, first/last seen dates and up to 3 source URLs. resale_snapshots (1 row): the G1, with used_price_median NULL — no used-sold market exists for humanoid robots in any reachable public source (see §13). Live endpoints: /api/experience, /api/review-scores, /api/failure-modes, /api/resale.
13. 역사 — 과거·현재·미래 세 구간이 온전하며, 여전히 0인 항목과 그 이유
장부는 과거·현재·미래 세 구간을 온전하게 기록합니다. 현재의 0을 출발점으로 삼아 미래의 변화만 기다리는 일은 결코 없습니다. 역사는 기준선이며, 기준선이 없으면 미래의 변화는 의미가 없습니다. 그래서 모든 차원을 공개 출처와 수집된 기사가 미치는 범위까지 채워 넣습니다. 2026년 11월 7일 채움 결과(분석된 기사 330편, 2026-11-07 20:10 EST 스냅샷)와 검증된 공개 기록은 다음과 같습니다.
- 주장: 289건 채움(실측값 포함 55건, 그중 실사용 테스트 6건). 문제: 94건. 결론: 점수 행 224건, 저자 결론 포함 112건. 가격: 날짜와 출처가 있는 가격 포인트 8개. 발표: 31건, 2019-02-19 – 2026-10-26. 언급: 모델-월 28건, 2026-09 – 2026-11. 전체 행: /api/history. 페이지: /history/.
- 가격 역사는 명확한 변동이 있는 유일한 차원입니다. 유니트리 G1은 출시 가격 $16,000(2024년 5월) → 2025년 12월 24일까지 $13,500로, 단 한 번 인하됐으며, 스토어 아카이브 화면으로 구간이 나뉩니다(2025-10-16에는 아직 $16,000, 2025-12-24에는 $13,500). H1 약 $90,000와 NEO $20,000는 각각 출시 시점 한 점과 2026-11-07 관측 한 점이 있으며 변동은 확인되지 않았습니다. 나머지 9종은 공표 가격이 없습니다. "미발표"이지 0이 아니며, 가격 행도 없습니다.
- 여전히 0인 항목과 그 이유. (1) 중고 거래가 중앙값: 중고 스냅샷 1행 중 중앙값이 있는 행은 0행. 휴머노이드 로봇에는 중고 거래 시장이 존재하지 않습니다 — 닿을 수 있는 어떤 공개 출처에도 없습니다. eBay에 중고 G1 거래 내역이 없고, Swappa에 휴머노이드 제품 페이지가 없으며, 공표된 거래 중앙값도 없습니다. 리셀러 호가는 존재합니다(Maverick $17,363, RCSV $21,500). 하지만 그것은 새 제품의 호가이지 중고 거래가가 아니므로 중앙값으로 기록하지 않습니다. 다음 스냅샷에서 다시 시도합니다. (2) 독립 실험실 측정: 0. 공개 출처에 이 사이트의 기준에 맞는 구조화된 독립 실험실 데이터가 없습니다. experience_records 55행은 기사 원문에 있는 실측값이며, 실험실 측정과 분리해 기록하고 섞지 않습니다. (3) 기록된 문제가 0인 모델 4종: Agility Digit 4, Boston Dynamics Atlas, Fourier GR-2, Unitree H1 — 분석된 기사가 문제를 보고하지 않았을 뿐, 문제가 0이라고 측정된 것이 아닙니다. (4) 실측 주장이 0인 모델 4종: Figure 03, Fourier GR-2, Sanctuary AI Phoenix, XPENG Iron — 분석된 보도들의 주장에 실측값이 없었습니다. (5) doc_changes: 0행 — 기준선은 2026년 11월 7일에 잡았고 그 이후 변화가 없습니다. 다음 점검에서 변화가 있으면 기록합니다. (6) Tesla Optimus 문서 기준선: 0 — tesla.com이 이 사이트의 가져오기에 403을 반환하기 때문입니다. 다음 스냅샷에서 렌더링 가져오기로 다시 시도합니다.
14. 출처
- Vendor pages and press releases (Tesla, Figure AI, Unitree, Boston Dynamics, Apptronik, Agility Robotics, 1X, Sanctuary AI, Fourier, XPENG).
- Trade press: The Verge, Engadget, Wired, TechCrunch, IEEE Spectrum, The Robot Report.
- Hacker News (Algolia API, public, no key), Google News RSS, Bing News RSS, YouTube search pages.