Methodology
How the Humanoid Ledger is built, what each number measures, and what it cannot tell you. Last updated 2026-11-08.
1. What this site is
A public data ledger for humanoid robots: verified specs, a release timeline, official videos, and analyzed coverage from across the web — plus three ledgers built from that coverage (claims vs measured, scores, issues). It is an independent ledger, not affiliated with any vendor listed.
2. Seed data — verified before entry
The 12 models, 31 release events and 8 official videos were each checked against a vendor page or a trade-press report before entry (seeded 2026-11-06). Every row carries its source link. Prices are vendor-published only: target prices, estimates and unconfirmed reports live in the notes field, never in the price column. Where a figure is unpublished or unverified, the cell says Not stated rather than a guess.
3. Live coverage — sources and the relevance gate
Hacker News (Algolia API), Google News RSS (with Bing News RSS as fallback when Google rate-limits the Worker egress), tech-blog RSS (The Verge, Engadget, Wired, TechCrunch, IEEE Spectrum, The Robot Report, PCMag, Tom’s Guide, 9to5Google, Road to VR, UploadVR), YouTube search pages, and Reddit via Google News. Ingest runs hourly. An item counts for a model only when its headline names the product — vendor + model where the name alone is ambiguous (e.g. “Apollo” only counts with “Apptronik”, “Digit” only with “Agility”, “Atlas” only with “Boston Dynamics”). Items that fail the gate are counted as skipped, not silently dropped.
4. Per-article analysis
Each article is analyzed once by Workers AI (Llama 3.1 8B, max 2048 tokens, JSON only): a 1–3 paragraph summary plus structured extraction — sentiment index, comparison, usage time, recommendation index, per-aspect scores, verifiable claims, issues, and the author’s verdict. The model is instructed never to invent numbers, quotes, durations or facts not present in the evidence; undeterminable fields are null, never invented.
5. Evidence checking (what survives, what is dropped)
Two hard guards run on every analysis before it is stored. First, a compared product is kept only if its name appears in the evidence text (title + snippet + body excerpt); anything else is dropped as model invention, and the compares-with flag is recomputed from the surviving list. Second, a verdict quote is kept only if the exact quote appears in the evidence text; otherwise it is stored as null. Aspect scores are restricted to eight aspects — locomotion, dexterity, battery, payload, autonomy, safety, software, price — each scored −100 to +100 only when the article actually discusses that aspect.
6. The scoring decision — what the three retained fields are, and are not
Decision (2026-11-07): the sentiment index (0–100), the recommendation index (0–100) and the author verdict (buy / wait / skip / mixed, with the author’s own words) are retained in full, in the article cards, in the metrics pages and in the three ledgers. They are kept because they measure the source content and its author — the stance of an article, and the conclusion its author reached — not this site’s judgement of any product. This site issues no rating, no ranking, no recommendation and no prediction of its own: there is no site score anywhere on the ledger, no “best model” list, and no verdict written by us. That is the whole of the exception, and it is the only exception: the general rule for this ledger is the same as the no-scores rule — record what happened, cite the source, add no judgement of our own. The three retained fields are presented with their provenance (which article, analyzed from snippet or full text, with what confidence), with nulls counted and never filled in, so a reader can always see how thin the underlying signal is — for example, the recommendation index is not determined in 308 of 329 analyzed articles, because most coverage is news, not a buying recommendation.
7. The three ledgers
Claims vs measured takes key_claims from every analysis; a claim is listed with a measured value only when the model stated one (55 of 289 claims as of 2026-11-08). The rest are vendor or source claims as reported — listed, not verified. Scores aggregates sentiment_index and recommendation_index (distributions, counts, means over non-null values only) and verdict counts. Issues clusters issues[] by identical wording and groups them by model. A model with no rows in a ledger is shown as “no data recorded”, never as 0. Live endpoints: /api/ledger/claims-vs-measured, /api/ledger/scores, /api/ledger/issues (each accepts ?model=<key>).
8. Limitations — read before quoting a number
- Most analysis is snippet-based. As of 2026-11-08, 307 of 329 analyzed articles were analyzed from the title + snippet only (22 from full text). A snippet-based analysis can miss context the full article contains; analyzed_from is shown on every card.
- Hacker News is one narrow audience. HN mentions represent the English-speaking technical community only; they are not a proxy for the public, for buyers, or for non-English discussion.
- Coverage is a starting set, not the universe. The ledger tracks 12 models; our November 2026 audit identified roughly 135–145 distinct current humanoid models across trackers. Models outside the 12 are absent, not rated zero.
- News sources are rate-limited. Google News repeatedly rate-limits the Worker egress; the ingest falls back to Bing News RSS. Gaps in a day’s intake usually mean a source failed, not that nothing happened.
- Document archiving. Added 7 Nov 2026 — see §11. Vendor pages are now archived with SHA-256 dual fingerprints, a seal and a SimHash; changes are recorded from the baseline. One gap remains: the Tesla Optimus official page returns 403 to this fetcher, so it has no baseline yet.
- Price history, deployment data, safety/failure registry. Price history was added 7 Nov 2026 — see /history/ and §13 (8 dated, sourced price points; the G1 is the only model with a documented price change). Deployment counts and operating hours still appear only as notes; there is no structured recall or accident table.
- AI extraction is fallible. Claims, issues and aspect scores are model extractions from the evidence, guarded as described in §5 — but a guard can only check what is in the evidence text. Treat every extracted row as a pointer back to its source article, not as a verified fact.
9. Corrections
Errors are corrected in the open and logged here, not silently fixed.
- 2026-11-07 — Sanctuary AI Phoenix: status corrected from “research/pilot” to “legacy — pivoted to software-only (June 2026)”. The company stopped positioning the whole humanoid as its product in June 2026; the model page now says so and the June 2026 pivot is in the release timeline.
10. Archive — added 7 Nov 2026
Five vendor documents are archived as a baseline (Figure 03 announcement, Unitree G1 product page, Boston Dynamics Atlas product page, Agility Digit solutions page, 1X NEO order page), each with a SHA-256 fingerprint of the raw fetch and of the cleaned text, a 6-character seal and a 64-bit SimHash. The baseline is the first archived version; every later check compares the live document against it and records any change in doc_changes (currently 0 rows — 0 changes means nothing has changed since the baseline, not that nothing is watched). Live endpoint: /api/archive; page: /archive/. The Tesla Optimus official page could not be baselined: tesla.com returns 403 to this fetcher. It will be retried with a rendered fetch; until then it is listed on /archive/ as not baselined, not silently omitted.
11. Open data — added 7 Nov 2026
Every dataset behind this site is open JSON with no key. /data/ lists the catalogue with denominators and coverage; /api/open-data returns the same catalogue live, including a row count for every D1 table. Live endpoint: /api/open-data.
12. Second-phase tables — persistent, backfilled 7 Nov 2026
Four persistent tables were backfilled from the 330 analyzed articles (snapshot 7 Nov 2026, 20:10 EST) and are served live with a ?model= filter. experience_records (55 rows): every key_claim that carries a measured value, classified by metric (locomotion, dexterity, battery, payload, autonomy, safety, software, price, other) — the value is the number as stated in the article, not an independent lab measurement. review_scores (224 rows): one row per analyzed article that carries a sentiment index, a recommendation index or a verdict — metadata only (reviewer = article source, score / 100, date, URL, aspects tested), no quoted opinion text. failure_modes (93 rows): issues clustered per model by identical wording, with mention counts, first/last seen dates and up to 3 source URLs. resale_snapshots (1 row): the G1, with used_price_median NULL — no used-sold market exists for humanoid robots in any reachable public source (see §13). Live endpoints: /api/experience, /api/review-scores, /api/failure-modes, /api/resale.
13. History — past, present and future, and what is still 0
The ledger records history, present and future as three complete segments; it never starts from the present 0 and waits for future change. History is the baseline without which future change has no meaning, so every dimension is backfilled as far as public sources and collected articles allow. Backfilled 7 Nov 2026 from the 330 analyzed articles (snapshot 20:10 EST) plus verified public records:
- Claims: 289 backfilled (55 with a measured value, 6 of them tested). Issues: 94. Verdicts: 224 score rows, 112 carrying an author verdict. Prices: 8 dated, sourced points. Releases: 31 events, 2019-02-19 – 2026-10-26. Mentions: 28 model-months, 2026-09 – 2026-11. Full rows: /api/history; pages: /history/.
- Price history is the only dimension with a documented change: Unitree G1 $16,000 at launch (May 2024) → $13,500 by 24 Dec 2025, one cut, bracketed by archived store captures (2025-10-16 still $16,000; 2025-12-24 $13,500). H1 ~$90,000 and NEO $20,000 have one launch point and one 2026-11-07 observation each, with no change documented. The other 9 models have no published price: Not stated, not 0, and no price row.
- What is still 0, and why. (1) Used-price median: 0 of 1 resale snapshot rows carry a median. There is no used-sold market for humanoid robots in any reachable public source — no eBay sold history for a used G1, no Swappa product page for any humanoid model, no published sold median. Reseller asking prices exist (Maverick $17,363, RCSV $21,500) but those are new-unit asking prices, not used sales, so they are not recorded as a median. Retried at the next snapshot. (2) Independent lab measurements: 0. No structured independent lab source exists in the public sources checked; the 55 experience_records rows are article-stated measured values and are kept separate from lab measurements. (3) Recorded issues for 4 models: Agility Digit 4, Boston Dynamics Atlas, Fourier GR-2 and Unitree H1 have 0 recorded issues — no analyzed article reported one, not a measurement of zero. (4) Measured claims for 4 models: Figure 03, Fourier GR-2, Sanctuary AI Phoenix and XPENG Iron have 0 measured claims — their analyzed coverage states claims without measured figures. (5) doc_changes: 0 rows — the baseline was taken 7 Nov 2026 and nothing has changed since; the next check will record any change. (6) Tesla Optimus document baseline: 0 — tesla.com returns 403 to this fetcher; retried with a rendered fetch at the next snapshot.
14. Sources
- Vendor pages and press releases (Tesla, Figure AI, Unitree, Boston Dynamics, Apptronik, Agility Robotics, 1X, Sanctuary AI, Fourier, XPENG).
- Trade press: The Verge, Engadget, Wired, TechCrunch, IEEE Spectrum, The Robot Report.
- Hacker News (Algolia API, public, no key), Google News RSS, Bing News RSS, YouTube search pages.